Real Python Tutorials

Python Closures: Common Use Cases and Examples

In this tutorial, you'll learn about Python closures. A closure is a function-like object with an extended scope. You can use closures to create decorators, factory functions, stateful functions, and more.

Oct 30, 2024 intermediate python

Explore Real Python

Learning Paths
Guided study plans for accelerated learning

Python Tutorials
In-depth articles and step-by-step video courses

Quizzes
Evaluate your Python knowledge with quick tests

Browse Topics
Focus on a specific area or skill level

Community Chat
Learn with other Pythonistas

Office Hours
Live Q&A calls with experts from Real Python

Podcast
Hear what’s new in the world of Python

Books
Round out your knowledge and learn offline

New Releases

View All »

Python's Magic Methods: Leverage Their Power in Your Classes

Python's Magic Methods in Classes

Oct 29, 2024 advanced python

Beautiful Soup: Build a Web Scraper With Python

Oct 28, 2024 intermediate data-science tools web-scraping

Python Thread Safety: Using a Lock and Other Techniques

Oct 23, 2024 intermediate python

What is the Python Global Interpreter Lock (GIL)?

Understanding Python's Global Interpreter Lock (GIL)

Oct 22, 2024 advanced python

Python's property(): Add Managed Attributes to Your Classes

Oct 21, 2024 intermediate best-practices python

Structural Pattern Matching in Python

Oct 16, 2024 intermediate python

Remove ads

How to Use Type Hints for Multiple Return Types in Python

Using Type Hints for Multiple Return Types in Python

Oct 15, 2024 intermediate

Syntactic Sugar: Why Python Is Sweet and Pythonic

Oct 14, 2024 intermediate best-practices python

Build a Contact Book App With Python, Textual, and SQLite

Oct 09, 2024 intermediate projects

Python 3.13: Cool New Features for You to Try

What's New in Python 3.13

Oct 08, 2024 intermediate python

Python News Roundup: October 2024

Oct 07, 2024 community

A Guide to Modern Python String Formatting Tools

Oct 02, 2024 basics python

Python's Mutable vs Immutable Types: What's the Difference?

Differences Between Python's Mutable and Immutable Types

Oct 01, 2024 intermediate data-structures python

Python 3.13: Cool New Features for You to Try

Sep 30, 2024 intermediate python

Python 3.13 Preview: A Modern REPL

Sep 25, 2024 basics python

Python import: Advanced Techniques and Tips

Advanced Python import Techniques

Sep 24, 2024 intermediate python

Python Virtual Environments: A Primer

Sep 23, 2024 intermediate devops tools

Python 3.13 Preview: Free Threading and a JIT Compiler

Sep 18, 2024 advanced python