method

In Python, a method is a function that is associated with a particular object or class. Methods are typically defined within a class and can be called on objects of that class.

Methods define the behaviors and actions that an object of a class can perform. Methods can take arguments. When you call a method on an instance, Python automatically passes that instance as the method’s first argument, which is conventionally named self. That reference is what allows the method to access and modify the object’s attributes.

Methods are a fundamental part of object-oriented programming in Python. They enable encapsulation and the manipulation of an object’s state.

Example

Here’s an example of a method within a class:

Python 
class Dog:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def speak(self):
        return f"{self.name} says Woof!"

# Usage
dog = Dog("Buddy")
print(dog.speak())  # Output: Buddy says Woof!

In this example, the .speak() method is defined within the Dog class and can be called on any instance of Dog. When dog.speak() is called, it returns the string "Buddy says Woof!", demonstrating how methods can interact with object attributes.

Python Classes: The Power of Object-Oriented Programming

Tutorial

Python Classes: The Power of Object-Oriented Programming

Learn how to define and use Python classes to implement object-oriented programming. Dive into attributes, methods, inheritance, and more.

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By Leodanis Pozo Ramos • Updated Sept. 20, 2026 • Reviewed by Dan Bader
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